aspirin
英 ['æsp(ə)rɪn]
美 ['æsprɪn]
助记提示
这里所说的“阿司匹林”，是一种镇痛解热药，用来缓解疼痛和降低高烧病人的体温。“阿司匹林”是这种药物的俗称，其学名则是“乙酰水杨酸”。
发明阿司匹林的是1905年的诺贝尔化学奖获得者、德国化学家拜尔（Adolf von Baeyer，1835—1917）。他通过合成的方式制造出了乙酰水杨酸（acide acétylsalicylique）。说到水杨酸，很多人都知道，绣线菊（spirée或spiraea）的主要成分便是这种酸。但是，乙酰水杨酸却并不是从这种植物中提取出来的。于是，德国人就将乙酰水杨酸这种合成酸称为“Aspirin”（并非从绣线菊中提取出来的水杨酸）。其中，“a-”是表示否定的希腊语前缀，“spir”意为“绣线菊”，“-in”是医学和化学领域常用的日耳曼语后缀。
由于阿司匹林是一个统称，所以该词的首字母无须大写。
音译“阿司匹林”。
中文词源
aspirin 阿斯匹林来自德国商标名，全称acetylierte Spirsaure. Acetylierte, 词源同acid, 酸。词根spir, 螺旋，见spiral, 螺旋的。指该药提炼自一种螺旋属植物的叶酸。
英文词源
- aspirin
- aspirin: [19] The word aspirin was coined in German towards the end of the 19th century. It is a condensed version of the term acetylierte spirsäure ‘acetylated spiraeic acid’. Spiraeic acid is a former term for ‘salicylic acid’, from which aspirin is derived; its name comes from the spiraea, a plant of the rose family.
=> spiraea - aspirin (n.)
- coined 1899 by German chemist Heinrich Dreser (1860-1924) in German as a trademark name, from Latin Spiraea (ulmaria) "meadow-sweet," the plant in whose flowers or leaves the processed acid in the medicine is naturally found, + common chemical ending -in (see -ine (2)). Spiraea (Tournefort, 1700) is from Latinized form of Greek speiraia "meadow-sweet," so called from the shape of its follicles (see spiral (adj.)). The initial -a- is to acknowledge acetylation; Dreser said the word was a contraction of acetylierte spirsäure, the German name of the acid, which now is obsolete, replaced by salicylic acid.
Die Bezeichnung Aspirin ist abgeleitet aus "Spirsäure" -- alter Name der Salicylsäure und A = Acetyl; statt" Acetylirte Spirsäure, kurzweg "Aspirin". [H, Dreser, "Pharmakologisches über Aspirin (Acetylsalicylsäure)," in "Archiv für die Gesammte Physiologie des Menschen und der Thiere," 1899, p.307]
The custom of giving commercial names to medicinal products began in Germany in the late 19th century, when nascent pharmaceutical firms were discovering medical uses for common, easily made chemicals. To discourage competitors they would market the substance under a short trademarked name a doctor could remember, rather than the long chemical compound word. German law required prescriptions to be filled exactly as written.
双语例句
- 1. Our doctor diagnosed a throat infection and prescribed antibiotic and junior aspirin.
- 我们的医生诊断是喉部感染，并且开了一些抗生素和小剂量阿司匹林。
来自柯林斯例句
- 2. I bandaged the leg up and gave her aspirin for the pain.
- 我把她的腿用绷带包扎起来，并给了她阿司匹林止痛。
来自柯林斯例句
- 3. I don't take any drugs whatsoever, except aspirin for colds.
- 我什么药都不吃，除了感冒时吃阿司匹林。
来自柯林斯例句
- 4. He would take two aspirin and sprawl out on his bed.
- 他会吃两片阿司匹林，然后摊开手脚躺在床上。
来自柯林斯例句
- 5. Aspirin apparently thins the blood and inhibits clotting.
- 阿司匹林能显著地稀释血液、抑制血液凝结。
来自柯林斯例句